Understanding the Icteric Cat: Key Insights into Feline Hepatopathies
Posted on Thu 26 June 2025 in publication
👉 Read the full article on dvm360
When a cat presents with jaundice—evidenced by yellowing of the skin, gums, or sclera—it’s a clinical sign that should never be ignored. In her latest article published on dvm360, Dr. Kelly Cairns takes a deep dive into the diagnostic approach and treatment options for icteric cats, outlining how veterinarians can confidently navigate this challenging presentation.
Breaking Down the Yellow
Icterus, or jaundice, arises from elevated bilirubin levels in the bloodstream and can point to a range of hepatobiliary or systemic diseases. Dr. Cairns offers a clear, step-by-step framework to differentiate between the three primary causes of icterus:
- Prehepatic (e.g., hemolysis)
- Hepatic (e.g., hepatic lipidosis, cholangitis)
- Posthepatic (e.g., bile duct obstruction)
This classification is crucial for prioritizing diagnostic tests and initiating the right treatment protocols.
Diagnostic Precision
Dr. Cairns emphasizes the value of a thorough history and physical exam, coupled with baseline diagnostics like:
- CBC and chemistry profile
- Coagulation tests
- Imaging (especially ultrasound)
- Fine-needle aspirates or biopsies when appropriate
She also addresses when advanced imaging or bile duct decompression may be warranted.
Treating the Underlying Cause
Treatment strategies must be tailored to the diagnosis, but Dr. Cairns highlights common supportive measures that are almost universally applicable, including:
- Nutritional support—often via feeding tubes in anorexic cats
- Hepatoprotectants such as SAMe and silybin
- Fluid therapy and electrolyte correction
- Vitamin K supplementation in coagulopathic patients
Importantly, Dr. Cairns advocates for early and aggressive nutritional support, especially in cases of hepatic lipidosis, to prevent irreversible hepatic damage.
A Practical, Case-Based Approach
What sets this article apart is its accessible, practical tone. Dr. Cairns doesn’t just present the theory—she guides veterinarians through how to apply it in real clinical settings, including pearls for managing client expectations and working within different budget levels.
Final Thoughts
If you’re a veterinary professional who encounters feline patients with jaundice, Dr. Cairns’ article is a must-read. It delivers clarity in a complex clinical situation, empowering clinicians to make informed, compassionate decisions.
Dr. Kelly Cairns is a board-certified veterinary internist committed to advancing feline medicine through education, mentorship, and practical clinical support. For more resources, visit the rest of our blog or subscribe for updates.